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When partaking in a job interview, it’s crucial to bring forth both self-assuredness and clear responses to excel effortlessly. These cybersecurity interview questions, carefully chosen by experts, will acquaint you with the queries often posed, assisting you in your preparations for an upcoming Cybersecurity interview. The compilation is divided into three distinct categories: Fundamental, Intermediate, and Advanced Cybersecurity queries and their corresponding answers, ensuring a smooth journey of understanding. Let’s get started!
Cybersecurity stands as one of the most in-demand professions in the current IT landscape. As the world continues to digitize rapidly, the necessity for cybersecurity amplifies. This digital transformation presents the critical challenge of safeguarding data assets against improper use. The surge in cybercrime activities poses significant threats to large corporations, thereby forcing them to onboard professionals such as Cybersecurity Engineers and Analysts. Therefore, by leveraging this ongoing market trend, you can carve a promising career for yourself in cybersecurity.
Here’s a compilation of Cybersecurity interview questions, categorized into three tiers
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Cryptography is a subset of cybersecurity, dedicated to the protection of information from unauthorized individuals, often referred to as adversaries. The purpose is to ensure that only the senders and the intended recipients have access to the specific data.
Traceroute is a diagnostic utility used in networking to track the pathway taken by a data packet sent over an IP network. It also reveals the IP addresses of all the routers it has pinged during its journey from the source to the destination.
Applications:
A firewall in cybersecurity is a network security system that prevents harmful traffic, such as bots, phishing links, worms, viruses, malware, and trojan viruses, from infiltrating your system, hence ensuring data privacy.
Applications:
The CIA triad represents a framework used to implement information security. “CIA” stands for Confidentiality, Integrity, and Availability.
Here are several common types of cyberattacks designed to disrupt or damage systems.
The following steps are essential when configuring a firewall:
To secure a server, it’s often recommended to employ the Secure Socket Layer (SSL) protocol, which encrypts and decrypts data, thereby shielding it from unauthorized access.
Here are four essential steps to augment server security:
The Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model, established by the International Organization for Standardization, enables diverse computer systems to communicate using standardized protocols.
Here are the respective layers of the OSI model:
A Virtual Private Network, or VPN, provides a private, secure network over the public internet, thereby safeguarding your online activities. Tasks like sending emails, making online payments, and performing e-commerce transactions can be secured using a VPN, which bolsters your online anonymity and privacy.
How a VPN works:
In the realm of network security, a threat refers to any potential danger that could harm an organization’s assets by exploiting vulnerabilities. These threats can be intentional, such as hacker attacks, or unintentional, such as system failures.
Black hat hackers are individuals who employ their hacking skills to illegally infiltrate confidential data. They use the acquired information for malicious purposes, such as distributing malware, viruses, and worms.
White hat hackers, also known as Ethical Hackers, use their hacking abilities to penetrate systems, but unlike black hat hackers, they do so with the organization’s permission. Their primary objective is to identify system vulnerabilities and rectify them before a malicious hacker can exploit them.
Grey hat hackers embody traits of both black hat and white hat hackers. They infiltrate systems without ill-intent, but also without necessary authorization, which can potentially turn into a threat at any point.
In a Man-in-the-Middle (MitM) attack, a hacker intercepts communication between two parties. The attacker then masquerades as one of the involved parties, making the data transmission appear legitimate. The objective can range from tampering with the data, stealing personal information, or acquiring login credentials to disrupt the communication.
Several strategies can help prevent a MitM attack:
Cross-Site Scripting, often abbreviated as XSS, is an attack where an intruder impersonates a victimized user and carries out actions that the user is authorized to perform. This can lead to unauthorized access to the user’s data. In an XSS attack, the perpetrator injects malicious client-side code into web services with the intention to steal information, execute harmful code, take over a user’s session, or conduct a phishing scam.
Here’s how you can guard against an XSS attack:
Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) is a network layer protocol used in the OSI model. Its primary function is to map a given IP address to its corresponding MAC address, essentially converting a 32-bit IPv4 address into a 48-bit MAC address.
Here’s how ARP functions:
Port blocking within a Local Area Network (LAN) refers to the practice of denying users access to certain services. The main aim is to restrict the ability of a source to connect to destination nodes via specific ports. Given that all applications function through ports, it’s critical to block these ports to deter unauthorized access that could potentially exploit network security vulnerabilities.
Below are the protocols categorized under each layer of the TCP/IP model:
A botnet, or robot network, refers to a type of malware that infects a network of computers, bringing them under the control of a single attacker, known as a ‘bot herder.’ A bot represents an individual machine that is controlled by the bot herder. The attacker serves as a central party and can command each bot to perform coordinated and simultaneous malicious actions.
Botnets are typically associated with large-scale attacks since a bot herder can control millions of bots simultaneously. The bots can receive updates from the attacker to modify their behavior swiftly.
Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF) is a malevolent exploit where an unsuspecting victim is tricked into performing an undesired action on a website where they’re authenticated. The attack leverages the trust between the victim’s browser and the targeted website. It’s made possible by websites that often use cookies or other authentication methods to verify user identities.
The steps to conduct a CSRF attack are as follows:
In cases where two users have identical passwords, the result is identical password hashes. This situation leaves the system vulnerable to dictionary or brute-force attacks. To prevent this, a technique called “salted hash” is implemented.
A salted hash introduces randomness to hashes by adding a random string, or “salt”, to the password before hashing. This results in two entirely different hashes, offering a layer of protection for users’ passwords in the database against potential attacks.
ARP poisoning, also known as ARP spoofing or ARP cache poisoning, is a type of cyber attack in which the attacker manipulates the ARP tables on a local area network (LAN). This attack involves sending counterfeit ARP messages to link the attacker’s MAC address with the IP address of another network device, thereby redirecting the network traffic intended for that device to the attacker instead.
SSL utilizes encryption algorithms to safeguard sensitive data transmitted between a client and a server, thereby scrambling the data in transit. This prevents potential hackers from reading any data, including credit card information, personal details, and other financial information, by maintaining a secure internet connection.
TLS is an improved protocol that succeeded SSL. It operates similarly to SSL, protecting information transmission. However, to enhance security, both TLS and SSL are often implemented together.
Two-Factor Authentication (2FA) is a security measure that necessitates not only a password but also a unique form of verification, such as a login code sent via text message (SMS) or a mobile app, to authenticate a user. After entering their password, the user is asked to input this security code to gain access to the website. If the code does not match, the user’s access is denied.
Examples of 2FA include Google Authenticator, YubiKey, and Microsoft Authenticator, among others.
Cognitive Cybersecurity refers to the application of artificial intelligence technologies to mimic human thought processes in the realm of cybersecurity. The goal is to imbue the cognitive system with human knowledge, enabling it to become a self-learning entity. Such systems are capable of identifying threats, assessing their impact, and devising response strategies.
Certainly, here are a few examples of scenario-based cybersecurity interview questions and responses:
The initial step would be to isolate the affected systems to prevent further damage. I’d then conduct a detailed investigation to understand the extent of the breach, identify the compromised data, and assess how the intruder gained access. This information would be used to patch vulnerabilities and reinforce the system’s security. It would also be essential to document the incident thoroughly and notify the necessary authorities and affected parties according to company policy and legal requirements.
First, I would gather evidence to confirm the report. If it’s substantiated, I would explain the situation to the employee, emphasizing the reasons behind the policy, such as the potential for security vulnerabilities and legal issues. I would remind them of the company’s acceptable use policy for technology resources and ensure they understand the consequences of non-compliance.
I would start by conducting a risk assessment to identify the most critical vulnerabilities. Then, I would prioritize implementing measures that offer the most protection for the least cost, such as setting up a firewall, installing antivirus software, and training employees about safe online practices. I would also develop incident response plans to ensure the company is prepared for potential security breaches.
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